Python 之 pip 详解
安装
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python3 get-pip.py
pip -V #查看pip版本
使用
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
cache Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
index Inspect information available from package indexes.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
debug Show information useful for debugging.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding
to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--no-input Disable prompting for input.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
(a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or
any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See
'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is
available for download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output.
--no-python-version-warning
Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
--use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
--use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.
下面介绍些经常使用命令
Install
Usage:
pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...
Description:
Install packages from:
- PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
- VCS project urls.
- Local project directories.
- Local or remote source archives.
pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.
Install Options:
-r, --requirement <file> Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times.
-c, --constraint <file> Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used
multiple times.
--no-deps Don't install package dependencies.
--pre Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable
versions.
-e, --editable <path/url> Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "develop mode") from a local
project path or a VCS url.
-t, --target <dir> Install packages into <dir>. By default this will not replace existing
files/folders in <dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> with
new versions.
--platform <platform> Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the platform of the
running system. Use this option multiple times to specify multiple platforms
supported by the target interpreter.
--python-version <python_version>
The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python"
compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running interpreter.
The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated integers (e.g. "3"
for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor version can also be given
as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0).
--implementation <implementation>
Only use wheels compatible with Python implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp',
'jy', 'cp', or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current interpreter
implementation is used. Use 'py' to force implementation-agnostic wheels.
--abi <abi> Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. If not
specified, then the current interpreter abi tag is used. Use this option multiple
times to specify multiple abis supported by the target interpreter. Generally you
will need to specify --implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using
this option.
--user Install to the Python user install directory for your platform. Typically
~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\Python on Windows. (See the Python documentation for
site.USER_BASE for full details.)
--root <dir> Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.
--prefix <dir> Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level folders are placed
--src <dir> Directory to check out editable projects into. The default in a virtualenv is
"<venv path>/src". The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".
-U, --upgrade Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available version. The handling of
dependencies depends on the upgrade-strategy used.
--upgrade-strategy <upgrade_strategy>
Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled [default: only-if-needed].
"eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of whether the currently installed
version satisfies the requirements of the upgraded package(s). "only-if-needed" -
are upgraded only when they do not satisfy the requirements of the upgraded
package(s).
--force-reinstall Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.
-I, --ignore-installed Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. This can break your system if the
existing package is of a different version or was installed with a different
package manager!
--ignore-requires-python Ignore the Requires-Python information.
--no-build-isolation Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. Build dependencies
specified by PEP 518 must be already installed if this option is used.
--use-pep517 Use PEP 517 for building source distributions (use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy
behaviour).
--install-option <options> Extra arguments to be supplied to the setup.py install command (use like
--install-option="--install-scripts=/usr/local/bin"). Use multiple --install-
option options to pass multiple options to setup.py install. If you are using an
option with a directory path, be sure to use absolute path.
--global-option <options> Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py call before the install or
bdist_wheel command.
--compile Compile Python source files to bytecode
--no-compile Do not compile Python source files to bytecode
--no-warn-script-location Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH
--no-warn-conflicts Do not warn about broken dependencies
--no-binary <format_control>
Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to
the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all binary packages,
":none:" to empty the set (notice the colons), or one or more package names with
commas between them (no colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile and
may fail to install when this option is used on them.
--only-binary <format_control>
Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to
the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all source packages,
":none:" to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas between them.
Packages without binary distributions will fail to install when this option is
used on them.
--prefer-binary Prefer older binary packages over newer source packages.
--require-hashes Require a hash to check each requirement against, for repeatable installs. This
option is implied when any package in a requirements file has a --hash option.
--progress-bar <progress_bar>
Specify type of progress to be displayed [off|on|ascii|pretty|emoji] (default: on)
--no-clean Don't clean up build directories.
Package Index Options:
-i, --index-url <url> Base URL of the Python Package Index (default https://pypi.org/simple). This
should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 (the simple repository API) or
a local directory laid out in the same format.
--extra-index-url <url> Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to --index-url. Should follow the
same rules as --index-url.
--no-index Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).
-f, --find-links <url> If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives such as sdist
(.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. If a local path or file:// URL that's a
directory, then look for archives in the directory listing. Links to VCS project
URLs are not supported.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding
to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--no-input Disable prompting for input.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
(a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or
any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See
'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is
available for download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output.
--no-python-version-warning
Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
--use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
--use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.
uninstall
Usage:
pip uninstall [options] <package> ...
pip uninstall [options] -r <requirements file> ...
Description:
Uninstall packages.
pip is able to uninstall most installed packages. Known exceptions are:
- Pure distutils packages installed with ``python setup.py install``, which
leave behind no metadata to determine what files were installed.
- Script wrappers installed by ``python setup.py develop``.
Uninstall Options:
-r, --requirement <file> Uninstall all the packages listed in the given requirements file. This option can
be used multiple times.
-y, --yes Don't ask for confirmation of uninstall deletions.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding
to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--no-input Disable prompting for input.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
(a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or
any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See
'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is
available for download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output.
--no-python-version-warning
Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
--use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
--use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.
freeze
pip freeze 查看已经安装的包及版本信息。导出到指定文件中。例如，pip freeze > requirements.txt，文件名称随意；也可以使用 pip install -r requirements.txt，两者等效。
list
列出当前已经安装的包。使用命令pip list -o则可查询可升级的包。
show
显示包所在目录及信息，格式为：pip show <包名>。
search
搜索包，格式为：pip search <搜索关键字>。
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